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The processor, the bus, and peripherals all use the clock to synchronize their operations. The clock determines how fast the processor executes its instructions, so it is fundamental to performance. But how important is the clock source? Does it matter how accurate it is? The short answer is that it depends… it depends on what the microcontroller is doing and its interfaces.

If the clock runs too slow, the processing takes longer. If the clock runs too fast, there may not be enough time to complete the required operations before the next set begins—the processor interfaces with a range of different component blocks, from dynamic memory to interface pins. Any significant error in clock speed will have unpredictable consequences for internal microcontroller operations.

The microcontroller clock signal will govern the conversion rate of any analog-to-digital operations. Suppose you are recording a sample twice a second with a timestamp. As for data sampling, the microcontroller clock signal will govern the conversion rate of any digital-to-analog operations. The accuracy of the clock will determine the accuracy of the generated waveform. A critical application for the microcontroller clock signal will be to manage asynchronous communications where the clock signal determines when the incoming data stream is sampled; once the start bit is received and the waveform of the outgoing data stream in terms of when transitions between each bit of data occur.

With asynchronous communications, the transmitter and receiver are reliant on having the same clock speed for encoding and decoding data streams. However, these clocks do not need to be synchronized; they just need to have sufficiently equal clock rates.

This is because the receiver starts processing the incoming data stream when detecting the first edge on the signal line. The required accuracy will be dependent upon the window where the data has to be sampled. This sampling period will depend on the type and length of the communications link. Long transmission lengths and cables with a high capacitive will increase the rise and fall times.

The presence of noise can also increase the time required for the signal to stabilize. It will also depend on the clock speed and the message format. For short data streams, the accuracy requirements can be quite loose as the sampling clock resets every time a new data stream is received. However, for high-speed serial communications with long data streams, the required accuracy can become more precise.

For example, the CAN bus protocol makes it very sensitive to clock skew to the extent that the use of any non-crystal based clock signal source may be problematic. Taking the example of UART devices, we can see that the absolute clock rate is unimportant because the UART receiver synchronizes itself at the start of every frame. The issue simplifies to what differences between the transmit and receive UART clocks can be tolerated.

There are usually a few different options to choose from when selecting a clock source for any particular microcontroller. The different options are principally differentiated by their accuracy, cost, and component count.

Using an internal clock source that all good microcontrollers include will be the cheapest and least complicated option but will usually be the least accurate. Which option you select will be governed by what performance you require and what constraints you have in terms of board space and budget. As there are always several alternate options to generate a clock signal for any given microcontroller, study the data sheet for your particular device.

This will generally provide some great information on what types of clock sources you can use and how best to implement them. Microcontrollers usually come with an internal resistor-capacitor oscillator to generate a basic clock signal and a phase-locked loop to provide a frequency multiplication function. The issue with using an internal oscillator is they are significantly less accurate than external oscillators with poor frequency stability. This inside of a microcontroller chip is, by definition, a less than ideal place to locate any RC circuit.

Some methods are quicker than others, but may produce a less accurate crop. However, other methods that do produce an accurate crop tend to take some more time. Affinity Photo offers a nice balance between accuracy and promptness thanks to their Selection Brush tool, which uses a built-in algorithm to automatically detect where the edges of a subject are, then allows you to refine that selection afterwards.

The following video tutorial will walk you through the entire process of deleting a background transparent using Affinity Photo for the desktop:. In order to remove a background in Affinity Photo, you must first unlock the layer that the image is located on. By default, your image should open in a locked layer, as indicated by the little lock icon on the right-hand side of it in the layers menu:.

Just to reiterate, this step is important. If you do not apply this setting to your layer, you will not be able to delete the background to transparent.

With the layer unlocked and primed for editing, we can now begin the process of removing the background by creating a selection around the background.

Once selected, you should notice that your cursor has changed to a circle. This represents the size of your selection brush. You can increase its size by using the right bracket key ] or decrease its size using the left bracket key [. Set the brush to a fitting size and begin to manually paint over your background. You will also notice that the brush automatically detects where the edges of your subject are:. It should be noted that the Selection Brush is far from perfect.

This will open up the Refine Selection menu, and it will also apply a red mask over the areas outside of your selection:. We provide assignment help in over 80 subjects. You can request for any type of assignment help from our highly qualified professional writers. All your academic needs will be taken care of as early as you need them.

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Vectorize Line Art Without Adobe Illustrator — Fire Spark Studio – Screenshots

 

Having the ability to trace vector copies of your images is a standard feature of any vectors graphics software. Designer, for whatever reason, does not possess the ability to do this. Vector image tracing is when your design software uses an algorithm to automatically generate a vector tracing of a raster image:.

The benefit of using a feature like this is that it saves a bunch of time. The downside is that the results are often random and imprecise. In Inkscape, this feature is called Trace Bitmap. For whatever reason, there is no image trace in Affinity Designer.

Will vector image tracing be possible in the future? Who knows. That said, we still have a problem to solve. The only real way to go about vector image tracing with Affinity Designer is to do so manually using the Pen Tool. This can be done by simply drawing individual elements right on top of your image, and then coloring them in using the Color Picker tool.

In fact, I created a video tutorial demonstrating how to do so:. This method may be right for you if your image is simple enough to trace manually, or if you have something that needs to be traced with precision. The downside of using an automated tracing feature is that it very rarely traces over your image with absolute precision.

Inkscape is a free and open source vector graphics editor that is similar to both Adobe Illustrator and Affinity Designer. Any regular visitor to this website is surely no stranger to Inkscape. I promise you though, Inkscape is worth a try. From there the UI is pretty self-explanatory, but feel free to check out this tutorial I made in case you need help:.

Not only that, but Inkscape is the only vector graphics editor available on all three operating systems — Windows, Mac, and Linux. The downside of using this solution is that you have to download yet another application, and then launch that application just to use it for a single task. A common name that kept coming up in my research though Vector Magic :. The benefit of using a web-based solution like Vector Magic is that you can easily create vector tracings of your images, without having to download any other applications or use any third-party plugins.

Another downside to this approach is that when I used it, it was really slow. It took a couple of minutes just for it to trace my example image, whereas Inkscape and Illustrator are nearly instantaneous.

Between those three options you should be able to meet all of your vector tracing needs, as cumbersome as it may be. What are your thoughts? Have you tried any other solution that you found helpful? Feel free to post any questions you may have as well if any part of this lesson was unclear. Want to learn more about how Affinity Designer works? Want to learn more about how Adobe Illustrator works? Check out my Illustrator Explainer Series – a comprehensive collection of over videos where I go over every tool, feature and function and explain what it is, how it works, and why it’s useful.

This post may contain affiliate links. Read affiliate disclosure here. There is a bit of hostility in their forums from those that police it, directed at those who dear to request new features. So I will just avoid. You can use Inkscape to trace images and xnconvert to save to webp format. Both are free open source software. I have used DrawPlus since the first version! I had always upgraded to the new release up to DrawPlus X8. Affinity Designer is essentially a remake of DrawPlus.

DrawPlus is such a great program, but there are some areas that are lacking compared to Adobe Illustrator or CorelDraw, but for the price difference, hands down Serif always wins!

I have been reluctant to purchase Affinity, since DrawPlus X8 is so great. Today after downloading the Affinity trial and one of the first things that I noticed is that there is no AutoTrace function!

I thought maybe I was just not finding it, so I did an an online search and found your blog post. I will say that I am shocked that there is no AutoTrace function in Affinity. Autotracing is the process of converting a bitmap into a vector graphic. In DrawPlus, autotracing can be performed in the AutoTrace studio, a dedicated studio environment which uses a variety of profiles. Kinda makes me wish that I could have been a fly on the wall during the Serif corporate staff meetings when they decided to Trash the AutoTrace function when they redesigned DrawPlus and named it Affinity.

Also how they trashed all the other Serif Products like WebPlus etc. This definitely a deal breaker for me. Thanks for the time you put into gathering this information. For me this is the one feature that has kept me from jumping on board the entire Affinity trio, which, in my case would be Photo, Designer, and Publisher.

Every other thing I need to do these three software packages can handle with ease. But as someone who creates vinyl graphics, vector tracing ability is an absolute must. There is absolutely no way I could afford to spend the time you did in your workaround hand coloring or hand tracing an image in order to then use a third party tool to then accomplish this simple task. What should take seconds could take 30 minutes or more.

Vector tracing is an absolute must have for anyone working with vinyl graphics, signs, decals, and t-shirts. How affinity can think that this is not an important feature to include in Designer is beyond me. It is the single reason that keeps me using Adobe products since Illustrator can vector trace just about anything I throw into it in a matter of seconds.

The sad thing is, no matter how much I would like to switch, I simply cannot, because there is no way I could run my business without this much needed functionality. I totally agree, Ron.

Where Affinity really shines, in my opinion: the mobile apps, creating isometric designs, working with text, working with vectors and rasters at the same time personas , and how stable it is. Your email address will not be published. Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. Attempting to create animated GIFs in previous versions of Inkscape proved difficult due to a lack of proper tools. Thanks to some of the advancements in version 1.

Arguably the most powerful tool Adobe Illustrator has to offer is its Envelope Distort feature, which allows you warp and distort vector objects in any imaginable way. In this tutorial we’ll be going Skip to content.

Nice article but it seems that Vector Magic is a paid service. Thanks for the post by the way, very well written and thought out for a workaround. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Read More. Unfortunately, there is no image trace feature built into Affinity Designer. You will either have to draw your vector tracings manually using the Pen Tool , or use an alternative solution.

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